Citations

Citation of The Software

For citing NePS, please refer to the following:

APA Style

Nastaran A., Mallik, N., Bergman, E., Geburek, A. M., Schrodi, S., Basu, S., Birinxhiku, L., Abou Chakra, T., Garibov, S., Gaur, G., Alipour, N., Janowski, M., Hvarfner, C., Mekic, E., Carstensen, T., Rogalla, D., Ru, B., Hutter, F. & Stoll, D. (2026). Neural Pipeline Search (NePS) (Version 0.17.0) [Computer software]. https://github.com/automl/neps

BibTex Style

@software{Stoll_Neural_Pipeline_Search_2026,
author = {Nastaran Alipour, Neeratyoy Mallik, Eddie Bergman, Anton Merlin Geburek, Simon Schrodi, Soham Basu, Lum Birinxhiku, Tarek Abou Chakra, Samir Garibov, Gopalji Gaur, Maciej Janowski, Ema Mekic, Philip Alex Ambattu, Daniel Rogalla, Carl Hvarfner, Binxin Ru, Timur Carstensen, Johannes Hog, Frank Hutter and Danny Stoll},
month = sep,
title = {{Neural Pipeline Search (NePS)}},
url = {https://github.com/automl/neps},
version = {0.17.0},
year = {2026}
}

Citation of Papers

πBO

If you have used πBO as the optimizer, please use the bibtex below:

@inproceedings{hvarfner2022pibo,
title = {$\pi${BO}: Augmenting Acquisition Functions with User Beliefs for Bayesian Optimization},
author = {Carl Hvarfner and Danny Stoll and Artur Souza and Marius Lindauer and Frank Hutter and Luigi Nardi},
year = {2022},
booktitle = {Tenth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR 2022)},
keywords = {}
}

PriorBand

If you have used PriorBand as the optimizer, please use the bibtex below:

@inproceedings{mallik2023priorband,
title = {PriorBand: Practical Hyperparameter Optimization in the Age of Deep Learning},
author = {Neeratyoy Mallik and Eddie Bergman and Carl Hvarfner and Danny Stoll and Maciej Janowski and Marius Lindauer and Luigi Nardi and Frank Hutter},
year = {2023},
booktitle = {Thirty-seventh Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2023)},
keywords = {}
}

Hierarchichal NAS with Context-free Grammars

If you have used the context-free grammar search space and the graph kernels implemented in NePS for the paper Hierarchical NAS, please use the bibtex below:

@inproceedings{schrodi2023hierarchical,
title = {Construction of Hierarchical Neural Architecture Search Spaces based on Context-free Grammars},
author = {Simon Schrodi and Danny Stoll and Binxin Ru and Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker and Thomas Brox and Frank Hutter},
year = {2023},
booktitle = {Thirty-seventh Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2023)},
keywords = {}
}

ifBO

If you have used ifBO as the optimizer, please use the bibtex below:

@inproceedings{rakotoarison2024ifbo,
title = {In-Context Freeze-Thaw Bayesian Optimization for Hyperparameter Optimization},
author = {Herilalaina Rakotoarison and Steven Adriaensen and Neeratyoy Mallik and Samir Garibov and Eddie Bergman and Frank Hutter},
year = {2024},
booktitle = {Forty-first International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2024)},
keywords = {}
}

PriMO

If you have used PriMO as the optimizer, please use the bibtex below:

@inproceedings{basu2025primo,
title = {Multi-objective Hyperparameter Optimization in the Age of Deep Learning},
author = {Soham Basu and Danny Stoll},
year = {2025},
booktitle = {Fourth International Conference on Automated Machine Learning (AutoML 2025 Non-Archival Track)},
keywords = {}
}

ScAn-Bench

If you have used ScAn-Bench, please use the bibtex below:

@inproceedings{sermaxhaj2026scanbench,
title = {{ScAn-Bench}: Evaluating Scaling Analysis Methodology},
author = {Artin Sermaxhaj and Nastaran Alipour and Donat Sinani and Johannes Hog and Neeratyoy Mallik and Steven Adriaensen and Jenia Jitsev and Danny Stoll},
year = {2026},
booktitle = {Fortieth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2026)},
keywords = {}
}